1:Agkistrodon acutus
2:Vipera russelli
3:Bungarus multicinctus
4:Bungarus fasciatus
5:Naja naja atra
6：Ophiophagus hannah
7：Agkistrdon halys
8：Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus
9：Trimeresurus stejnegeri
1:Agkistrodon acutus
2:Vipera russelli
3:Bungarus multicinctus
4:Bungarus fasciatus
5:Naja naja atra
6：Ophiophagus hannah
7：Agkistrdon halys
8：Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus
9：Trimeresurus stejnegeri
Researchers of the American Chemical Society are using found a protein from copperhead snake venom can slow breast tumor growth. The protein blocks tumor cell adhesion and invasion and inhibits new blood vessel development in the tumors. Researchers from Australia are using snake venom to cure cancer.
1:SVT(snake veom toxin) would inhibit the growth of AICAP
According to a article from Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, snake venom has positive effects for inhibiting the growth of AICAP. The molecular was on nuclear factor, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional factor that can activate AICAP cell. The scientists treated AICAP cells with SVT for 24 hours, and then assessed their growth and found it slow the activation of NF-b which can speed up cancer cell growth.
2: Australian found snake venom can slow Tumor growth.
According to the anti-cancer research hold by Australian, the researchers found that a compound from snake venom can destroy cells that contribute to supplying blood and nutrients to tumours.
“What we’ve found that’s quite interesting to us is that the level of material that’s required, that is the concentration of material that’s required, is much lower than we would have expected normally,” Associate Professor Tony Woods said.
“In fact, at the levels we’re using these compounds seem to affect the blood vessels that supply tumours only and not normal blood vessels.”
In the near future, more and more drugs which is used to cure cancer are from the snake venom.
Strokes is caused by thrombosis which is due to the clogging up of arteries
with fatty material. It can cause trouble swallowing, trouble speaking, reading
or writing, paralysis in the left side of the body, feeling depressed, permanent
neurological damage, complications and death.
Snake venom is already known to contain a variety or toxins which can inhibite the formation of clots. For example, people discoverd that blood did not clot after bitten by viper snake.
In a study led by Dr. David Sherman of the University of Texas Health
Science Center in San Antonio, Scientists found that 42 percent of stroke
patients who received ANCROD within three hours after the onset of the stroke had recovered the physicalthe. ANCROD which is made from
viper venom and cobra venom was given intravenously over a three-to-five day period after a stroke occurred. A research team from BHF which
has more than 25 years’ experience in the collection, storage and analysis
of snake venoms from around the world believe that te benefits of snake
venoms for heart patients are well-known and snake venom would cure heart attack and stroke.
Over 32,000,000 all over world people suffer a heart attack
every year and about 46% are fatal. Stroke causes a further
4,600,000 deaths a year.
Snake venom is dangerous, but now more and more scientists believe that it has great usefulness to human, especially in the field of medicine.
Snake venom is a toxic saliva consisting of a complex mixture of chemicals called enzymes. The toxins of snake venom contain neurotoxins and hemotoxins. Neurotoxic venom attacks the victim’s nervous system and usually result in heart failure. Cobras, mambas, sea snakes, kraits and coral snakes employ mainly neurotoxic venom. Hemotoxic venom attacks the circulatory system and muscle tissue causing excessive scarring, gangrene, and sometimes leads to amputation. Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottomouths employ hemotoxic venom. Some snakes employ venom that contains combinations of both neurotoxins and hemotoxins.
Approximately 20 types of toxic enzymes are found in snake venom. Most snakes employ from six to twelve of these enzymes in their venom. Some enzymes help the snake to digest food. The chemicals from snake venom contain cholinesterase, amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, proteinase, adenosine triphosphatase, phosphodiesterase.
Scientists have made great progress in finding within this new-found knowledge of venom any benefits for humans. The biggest role of the snake venom is used to produce “antivenom” now. Besides the obvious benefits to produce antivenom, there are many exciting discoveries in various studies that gives promise on many medical fronts. In Israel, A company is using snake venom to make a potent analgesic against chronic pain such as arthritis, and secondary pain caused by other diseases such as cancer. Cobra venom is useful for Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. An enzyme derived from copperhead venom Contributes to cure breast cancer. Some viper venom can cure osteoporosis and inhibit tumor growth. The venom of pit viper may break blood clots that would be very beneficial in treating stroke victims. Extracts of snake venom is used to produce anticoagulants. Proteins from certain rattle snakes has produced blood pressure medicine. Snake venom lectins and metalloproteinase disintegrins are being used to study platelet glycoprotein receptors. In general, the snake venom has show great potential for producing huge medical benefits for mankind.
Snake venom is a gelatinous liquid, water cannot evaporate out. In order to obtain higher-quality snake venom, we need to dry snake venom as quickly as possible, and without losing its activity in the drying process. There are three kinds of drying methods, namely, vacuum drying at room temperature, freeze vacuum and low-temperature vacuum freeze-drying. The quality of the drying process has great impact on the quality of the venom. The following shall be a brief introduction of the drying process:
1, Drying method
1.1, Vacuum drying at room temperature.
Put the venom and desiccant such as silica gel or calcium chloride into the vacuum dryer, cover them with a layer of gauze, seal the vacuum dryer and exhaust it. In the process, if a large number of bubbles appear, we need to suspend extraction to prevent the bubble spill and continue it after a moment, repeat the process several times until completely drained. Snake venom is seen to be the crystallization of block sizes or particles by vacuum drying.
1.2, Freeze vacuum.
Place the entire vacuum dryer into a large ice bucket, fill small ices around the bucket bottom and the dryer, and exhaust the dryer like vacuum drying at room temperature. Venom can also be pre-placed in the refrigerator until the ice become into blocks, and then vacuum drying.
1.3. Low-temperature vacuum freeze-drying.
Its principle is similar with the vacuum freeze-drying, the difference is nothing absorbent to be used but equipment to dry venom. This method is fast drying speed, high output, easy operation and better ensure the quality of dried venom. But the equipment is expensive,which an ordinary company and a snake farm cannot afford.
2, Commonly used desiccants and their usage.
The commonly used desiccants for snake venom are coloured silica gel, anhydrous calcium chloride, phosphorus pentoxide.
2.1, Coloured silica gel: The color is green when it is dry, and will be lighter after absorbing water and finally becomes pink. After drying out for 1h at the temperature of 100～140 ℃, it can be reused safely and easily, but it is slower absorption.
2.2, Anhydrous calcium chloride: Its water absorption ability is outstanding and it can also be reused. At present, most farms are using this desiccant. Its price is cheaper and it is also easy to use.
2.3, Phosphorus pentoxide: It can be used together with the anhydrous calcium chloride, and it has strong suction. The disadvantage is not easy to re-use, more complex procedures.
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